Es Digital

Es Digital

hi there

Get an amaazing Domain Authority score above 50 for your website and
increase sales and visibility in just 30 days
https://www.str8creative.co/product/moz-da-seo-plan/

Service is guaranteed

Regards
Mike
Str8 Creative
support@str8creative.co

Es Digital

hi

Yes, it is possible, with our service here
https://negativerseo.co/

for further information please email us here
support@negativerseo.co

thanks
Peter

Es Digital

hi there

Getting Top 10 Position i# Search Engines is a M%st for every Website if
you are really serious to do Online Business. If you are not in top 10 it
means y%u are getting only 5% of visitors for that particular keyword.

Please find more information on our plan here:
https://str8creative.co/product/seo-ultimate/

thanks
Ammanda
support@str8creative.co

Es Digital

hi there

Did you know that when someone is looking for a search term on their
phones, the Gmaps listings its what pop up first in the results?

Stop losing all that visibility and let us boost your G listing into the
tops for local terms
https://www.str8creative.co/product/1500-gmaps-citations/

thanks and regards
Mike
support@str8creative.co

Es Digital

hi there

Here is how we can do it
https://www.str8creative.co/product/moz-da-seo-plan/

Regards
Mike
Str8 Creative
support@str8creative.co

Es Digital

hi

Yes, it is possible, with our service here
https://negativerseo.co/

for further information please email us here
support@negativerseo.co

thanks
Peter

Es Digital

hi there

After checking your website SEO metrics and ranks, we determined that you
can get a real boost in ranks and visibility by using any of our plan below
https://www.cheapseosolutions.co/cheap-seo-packages/index.html

cheap and effective SEO plan
onpage SEO included

For the higher value plans, DA50 DR50 TF20 SEO metrics boost is inlcuded

thank you
Mike
support@cheapseosolutions.co

Es Digital

hi there

Do you mean that you want 1 backlinks from 1 domain? unique domains links
like this?

yes, we offer that here
https://str8creative.co/product/unique-domains-links/

thanks and regards
Mike
support@str8creative.co

Es Digital

We`ll get your website to have Domain Authority 50 or we`ll refund you every
cent

for only 150 usd, you`ll have DA50 for your website, guaranteed

Order it today:
http://www.str8-creative.co/product/moz-da-seo-plan/

thanks
Alex Peters

Es Digital

hi
genglipis.munirah07

Glad to hear that, here are the details below

More information here:
http://www.realsocialsignals.co/buy-social-signals/

For the best ranking results, buy Monthly basis Social signals, provided
daily, month after month:
http://www.realsocialsignals.co/custom-social-signals/

Regards
Adam

http://www.realsocialsignals.co/unsubscribe/

2018-11-9, tr, 19:37 genglipis.munirah07 <genglipis.munirah07@blogger.com>
ra�e:
Hi there, Please send me the Social ^signals offer that we talked about
over the phone. I`m in%terested and I want to boost my SEO metrics with this
new SEO method^. Thanks again, will wait your reply.

Es Digital

hi
08026244521411671494noreply

here it is, social website traffic:
http://www.mgdots.co/detail.php?id=113

Full details attached

Regards
Iluminada Irby �

Unsubscribe option is available on the footer of our website

Es Digital

We`ll get your website to have Domain Authority 50 or we`ll refund you every
cent

for only 150 usd, you`ll have DA50 for your website, guaranteed

Order it today:
http://www.str8-creative.co/product/moz-da-seo-plan/

thanks
Alex Peters

Es Digital

Written by Patrick Orquia

Title: Brigandine: The Legend of Runersia
Developer: Matrix Software
Publisher: Happinet
Genre: tactical RPG
Number of Players: 1
Platform: Nintendo Switch
Release Date: 25 June 2020
Price: $49.99

Even though they are quite few compared to the hundreds of platformers and metroidvanias on the eShop, there have been some awesome tactical role-playing games that have made their mark on the Nintendo Switch, such as the indie gem Wargroove and Nintendo's own and considered as one of the best games on the Switch, Fire Emblem: Three Houses. I have played a few of such games, mostly on the 3DS, and most of them have Fire Emblem on their name. I enjoyed them all, and now that I mostly focus on gaming on my Nintendo Switch, it is time to play more tactical games on it.

Brigandine: The Legend of Runersia belongs to this genre and is very similar to the gameplay of the Fire Emblem games. I think that it is a very fair comparison, as this game is set during a medieval-like era, with knights and archers and magic-wielding healers and bishops and other common tropes found on most Fire Emblem games. This may be the case, but this game has a few additions to its gameplay mechanics that makes it different enough from the Fire Emblem games that makes it a worth-while game to play. This game is a sequel to Brigandine: The Legend of Forsena released in 1998 on PlayStation. Of course, I have not played that game since I never owned a PS1, but I don't think that matters, since this game is a standalone one with a whole new story and cast of characters. But even though that is the case, and I have experience playing Fire Emblem games, it still took me some time to get accustomed to the game mechanics because this game has a lot of them. The game does have comprehensive tutorials that you can review at any time, so that is a very good thing. I just had to test the knowledge that I learned from the tutorials on the battlefield.

In this game, you play one of six nations in continent of Runersia, a legendary land of great rulers and warriors that are bestowed with the power of mana that make them able to control monsters and have them join in their battles. The main story is about a war between six nations: Norzaleo Kingdom, Republic of Guimoule, Shinobi Tribe, Mana Saleesia Theocracy, United Islands of Mirelva, and the Holy Gustava Empire. Five of these nations have in their possession a piece of armor with a Mana Stone embedded on it. These armor pieces are the titular Brigandines, and these Brigandines are worn by the rulers of those nations. One of the goals of the game is to acquire all of the Mana Stones by battling for the unification of Runersia. Playing any of the six nations will make you witness the story unfold in their point of view. I chose the Norzaleo Kingdom, and in their part of the story, their conflict with the other nations started when their king got assassinated, leaving a young heir to the throne, Prince Rubino, to assume command of his nation's army to find the culprit. His army begins to conquer castles one after another. The other nations do it as well, and it becomes a race towards which nation that can conquer the most castles and control the biggest army. Between battles, cutscenes of story elements get shown, either telling about some past story, character information, or updates regarding the war, like things that have been happening with other nations, army movements, etc. By the middle of your playthrough, you will have already learned all of the things that you need about your chosen nation and your enemies. With this knowledge, you will have to shape your army troops according to the scenarios you are in and enemy movements.

The game has a world map where you see all of the castles, who currently occupies them, the troops that are in there, and total combat points or CP (the higher the CP, the harder to beat them) for those castles that are adjacent to those occupied by another nation. During the Attack Phase, other nations can also attack one another. If two nations try to invade another occupied castle, the nation with the higher CP gets to be the invader. If the castle is unoccupied, the invader occupies it outright. While you occupy a castle, you get to summon monsters and go through quests available for it. You have to maintain your CP high, so that other nations will not attack you. When a nation decides to invade your castle or you decide to be the invader yourself, a battle will commence.

Like other tactical RPGs, battles in this game are presented on a grid, and for this particular game, a grid consisting of interconnected hexagons, where units can be placed on pre-determined spaces depending on their current stats with the aim of getting the most advantage in terms of attacking and defending. A red-colored space signifies that the unit placed there can perform an attack against an enemy placed on an adjacent space to it or an enemy from a distance from that point, if that unit has such an attack available. Normal attack will be retaliated with a counter attack, while special ones (those that consume mana) will not. Aside from attacking, units can also perform skills, like spells or other special moves, or just go on standby and do nothing. Moving units around on this grid and trying to out-maneuver the opponent is quite good, and the exchanges between your team and your opponent can be quite engaging and suspenseful. When an attack happens, it gets presented with an animation right on the field. They look tiny but you can zoom the camera in and even turn it around 365 degrees to get you nearer to the action.

The game sort of has a time limit, where in you are given a set amount of years to conquer the entire continent, depending on the difficulty you choose at the start of the game. The Easy mode has no limit, the Medium difficulty has 5 years, and the Hard mode has 2.5 years. Each year consists of 12 seasons, and each season consists of an Organization Phase and an Attack Phase. During the Organization Phase, you get to prepare your troops for either attacking other castles or for defense, in preparation of possible attacks. You get to move units between your castles, summoning monsters, upgrading and customizing units, and sending them to quests to acquire new weapons, gears, and even possibly recruiting new units. Once you choose to end this phase, you can no longer do further adjustments until the next Organization Phase happens. During the Attack Phase, you get to choose to attack adjacent castles to yours and defend your own castles from attacks. After the Attack Phase, a season will pass, and another Organization Phase takes place, followed by another Attack Phase, and so on.

As you progress into the game, you get to accumulate mana points, which you can use to summon monsters and upgrade units to new classes. Your nation will consist of different human units aka Rune Knights, and each of them leads a troop that compose of themselves and their monster allies. Each troop can have at maximum of 6 monsters, but you will usually only have less than that, since there is a limit of 100 monsters per nation.

Speaking of monsters, this is probably the game's x-factor, as it makes its Fire Emblem inspiration go head to head with that from Pokémon, to a certain degree. There are different types of monsters that can be summoned in the game. The summoned monsters join your troops, given that they can still fit since each troop leader only has a limited magic pool (each monster has a designated magic cost, which can increase as they level up). They can individually level up independent from their troop leader. When they level up enough, they also get to change classes, making them more powerful and gain more abilities. But unlike their human counterparts who can simply retreat from battle when they get defeated, they die when their HP goes to zero. Many monsters may not survive battles, but those that get lucky to live to die another day, they become more and more valuable, so it kind of stings when a high-level monster gets ganged up by the opposing team's units and get killed in battle, but that is part of the tactical elements that you have to consider in battle.

As cool as monsters can be, of course, the main party movers are the Rune Knights. Rune Knights compose of different types: Fighter, Barbarian, Thief, Monk, Mage, and Priest types for males; Lancer, Hunter, Bard, Dancer, Enchantress, and Cleric types for females. Each type level up to multiple different classes, each with certain stat requirements. If a unit has maxed out their class, or you just decide so, you can change their type to another one. This is useful late in the campaign when you have already acquired many Rune Knights and you have to diversify. Mastered skills can be carried over to the new type.

One of these Rune Knights is the ruler of the nation. They are the most important unit during battles because if they get defeated, their entire party has to retreat, whereas other Rune Knights can pull back to another castle if they get defeated along with their monster units that are still alive and the rest of the surviving party can still battle on. If you lose a battle, you lose the castle you are on, if you are defending it, or you get repelled if you instigated the attack. Units who retreat or get defeated during battles will be shown as wounded during the next Organization Phase and will be inactive: they will not be allowed to move to another castle or be sent to do quests, and will not be allowed to attack during the next Attack Phase. The more you win battles, the more castles you invade, the more mana points and enemy units you accumulate. When a nation gets defeated, 2 or more of the surviving human units will join the nation that defeated them. Unfortunately, not the nation's ruler, as they will have to get exiled of the continent and their nation gets branded as erased from the history of Runersia. Yeah, losing in this game really sucks, so as much as possible, you have to win battles, since not only you get to invade more and more castles, your units level up more and will make them more powerful for the more battles ahead.

Aside from the main campaign, you also have the Challenge mode, where you can have a customized team consisting of 9 Rune Knights from among those that you have recruited from the Campaign Mode, regardless of the nation they belong to. Campaigns in the Challenge Mode will require you to meet certain victory conditions for you to win, and you will be rewarded a Strategy Score based on your performance. This is ideal for those who want more challenge and test their proficiency in the game. Unfortunately, there is no online multiplayer mode for this game, so you just have to test your skills with the game AI.

Overall, Brigandine: the Legend of Runersia is one enjoyable game, and one of the best games that I have played this year so far. It looks and sounds good, and the story elements that get shown between battles maintain my interest from start to finish. By the way, most of these story elements have superb voice acting which more than covers the lack of animation of characters during these cutscenes, though the hand-drawn illustrations look really good themselves. This game is presented and packaged very well and you get a good bang for your buck as the main campaign can take more than 30 hours to complete, multiplied by six, if you choose to play as all of the nations. So, if you have what it takes to conquer a continent while sitting on your couch or while lying in your bed, give this game a go and prepare for a great adventure.

REPLAY VALUE: high

PROS

Excellent visuals, especially during cutscenes and for character animations during battles
Grandiose musical score
Top-notch hand-drawn character illustrations
Superb voice acting albeit only in Japanese
Good story and narrative style
Wide range of customization options
Comprehensive tutorials
The camera can be turned around 360 degrees and can be zoomed in further if you need to get more up close to the action
Battles can be sped up
Solid performance with almost no dip in frame rate
Gameplay is awesome, but could take a while to be fully understood due to the many strategic elements and customization options to consider
Cool twists and surprises near the end of the game

CONS

Can be a bit too overwhelming to those not familiar with the genre
Individual units can be hard to distinguish from one another on the field, especially in handheld mode
Armor pieces and weapons are quite hard to come by; the healing/buff items even harder
No merchant NPCs, thus, items cannot be bought and can only be acquired via quests
Quests could have been much better and offered more rewards
Units cannot use healing items during battle

RATING: 4.5/5 Rune knights and monsters

Es Digital

PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11

PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11 Latest Version. It is fully working hack setup checked and applied on emulator.

PUBG Mobile PC Emulator Memory Loader Hack Overview.

PUBG Emulator Hack is a .exe file that allows us to cheat in PUBG Mobile Emulator. Memory Loader PUBG Mobile Emulator Hack has a lot of features like aimbot, esp, wall hack, no recoil, etc. We can see the items, loot crates, drops and enemies coming towards us behind the wall also. Auto aiming mods and apps are bots that will automatically aim and shoot for you if you hold down a button. The use of a wall hack allows a player to see enemies, items, supply drops, cars, and other important game items through walls.

Now I want to give some important facts and information to you guys. People complain about they got banned! temporarily or permanent by using hacks. I want to tell you that this Memory Loader PUBG emulator hack is Fully Safe and is being applied on many system, its properly working and safe. But if you play so harsh then there is an indication in this hack that allows you to not cross that figure if you don't want to banned

Features of Memory Loader PUBG Mobile Emulator Hack For Season 11

Below are some noticeable features of Memory Loader Hack which you'll experience after PUBG Emulator Hack Memory Loader free download.

Aimbot for automatically killing of the enemies even far away.
Wall hack allows a player to see enemies, items, cars, and other important game items through walls

PUBG Emulator Hack Memory Loader For Season 11 Technical Setup Details

Setup File Name: M_L.rar
Full Setup Size: 8.7 MB
Latest Version: Season 11

System Requirements for PUBG Mobile Emulator Hack For Season 11

Before you start PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11, make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements.

Tested On : Windows 7 Windows 10.
Memory (RAM): 3 GB of Ram Required.
Hard Disk Space: 2 GB of Free space.
Processor: Intel Core i3 or above.

PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11

Click on below button to start PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11. This would be compatible 64 bit windows.

Download Link:::Link
Size: 8MB
Price:Free
Virus status: scanned by Avast security

Es Digital

Rank the google maps top 5 for your money keywords, guaranteed

http://www.str8-creative.io/product/1500-gmaps-citations/

regards,
Str8 Creative

Es Digital

by HeroOfAvalon

With an exciting opening of spaceships attacking a planet, as a young boy named Milo watches only to be dragged away by his Grandma to escape underground before total destruction. Chronomaster (1995, DreamForge Intertainment) sure grabbed my attention.

Read more »

Es Digital

A new tool named CoreCtrl aims to be the first friendly libre GUI application to customize CPU, GPU and other hardware settings for GNU/Linux. This is exciting news for all gaming enthusiasts and developers who seek a way to optimize hardware efficiency without having to go down and dirty into console commands or accessing the BIOS directly.

The developer Juan Palacios describes the app succinctly:

CoreCtrl is a Free and Open Source GNU/Linux application that allows you to control with ease your computer hardware using application profiles. It aims to be flexible, comfortable and accessible to regular users.

You can use it to automatically configure your system when a program is launched (works for Windows applications too). It doesn't matter what the program is, a game, a 3D modeling application, a video editor or... even a compiler! It offers you full hardware control per application.

Support-wise, only AMD GPUs seem to be on the list for now, but different vendor cards are planned for the future as well, according to the roadmap. CPU support is only basic at this point. While I haven't tested the application myself due to compiler errors, this seems to me as a very promising project to keep an eye on for the future.

The developer also has a Patreon page for all those wishing to contribute towards development.

Code license: GPLv3

Via GamingOnLinux

Got something to say? Post on our forum thread.

Es Digital

We`ll get your website to have Domain Authority 50 or we`ll refund you every
cent

for only 150 usd, you`ll have DA50 for your website, guaranteed

Order it today:
http://www.str8-creative.co/product/moz-da-seo-plan/

thanks
Alex Peters

Es Digital

Take me to the Kickstarter...

What does this project include?

The project was created to fund the tooling and production of a polystyrene plastic model kit. The Eisenken Grav StuG.

We also offer 3d printable building terrain sets, modular, stackable and and loaded with details.

The icing on the cake... Two lucky backers will receive an extra free kit, painted by the extremely talented David Woods! Each StuG you back will provide an entry into the raffle!

Good luck to all of you! now lets get this Kickstarter across the finish line!

Es Digital

What is Bug Bounty ?

A bug bounty program, also called a vulnerability rewards program (VRP), is a crowdsourcing initiative that rewards individuals for discovering and reporting software bugs. Bug bounty programs are often initiated to supplement internal code audits and penetration tests as part of an organization's vulnerability management strategy.

Many software vendors and websites run bug bounty programs, paying out cash rewards to software security researchers and white hat hackers who report software vulnerabilities that have the potential to be exploited. Bug reports must document enough information for for the organization offering the bounty to be able to reproduce the vulnerability. Typically, payment amounts are commensurate with the size of the organization, the difficulty in hacking the system and how much impact on users a bug might have.

Mozilla paid out a $3,000 flat rate bounty for bugs that fit its criteria, while Facebook has given out as much as $20,000 for a single bug report. Google paid Chrome operating system bug reporters a combined $700,000 in 2012 and Microsoft paid UK researcher James Forshaw $100,000 for an attack vulnerability in Windows 8.1. In 2016, Apple announced rewards that max out at $200,000 for a flaw in the iOS secure boot firmware components and up to $50,000 for execution of arbitrary code with kernel privileges or unauthorized iCloud access.

While the use of ethical hackers to find bugs can be very effective, such programs can also be controversial. To limit potential risk, some organizations are offering closed bug bounty programs that require an invitation. Apple, for example, has limited bug bounty participation to few dozen researchers.

More information

Es Digital

Reversing Device Signals with RFCrack for Red Teaming

This blog was researched and automated by:
@Ficti0n

@GarrGhar
Mostly because someone didn't want to pay for a new clicker that was lost LOL

Websites:
Console Cowboys: http://consolecowboys.com
CC Labs: http://cclabs.io

CC Labs Github for RFCrack Code:
https://github.com/cclabsInc/RFCrack

Contrived Scenario:

Bob was tasked to break into XYZ corporation, so he pulled up the facility on google maps to see what the layout was. He was looking for any possible entry paths into the company headquarters. Online maps showed that the whole facility was surrounded by a security access gate. Not much else could be determined remotely so bob decided to take a drive to the facility and get a closer look.

Bob parked down the street in view of the entry gate. Upon arrival he noted the gate was un-manned and cars were rolling up to the gate typing in an access code or simply driving up to the gate as it opening automatically. Interestingly there was some kind of wireless technology in use.

How do we go from watching a car go through a gate, to having a physical device that opens the gate?

We will take a look at reversing a signal from an actual gate to program a remote with the proper RF signal. Learning how to perform these steps manually to get a better understanding of how RF remotes work in conjunction with automating processes with RFCrack.

Items used in this blog:

Garage Remote Clicker: https://goo.gl/7fDQ2N
YardStick One: https://goo.gl/wd88sr
RTL SDR: https://goo.gl/B5uUAR

Walkthrough Video:

Remotely sniffing signals for later analysis:

In the the previous blogs, we sniffed signals and replayed them to perform actions. In this blog we are going to take a look at a signal and reverse it to create a physical device that will act as a replacement for the original device. Depending on the scenario this may be a better approach if you plan to enter the facility off hours when there is no signal to capture or you don't want to look suspicious.

Recon:

Lets first use the scanning functionality in RFCrack to find known frequencies. We need to understand the frequencies that gates usually use. This way we can set our scanner to a limited number of frequencies to rotate through. The smaller rage of frequencies used will provide a better chance of capturing a signal when a car opens the target gate. This would be beneficial if the scanning device is left unattended within a dropbox created with something like a Kali on a Raspberry Pi. One could access it from a good distance away by setting up a wifi hotspot or cellular connection.

Based on research remotes tend to use 315Mhz, 390Mhz, 433Mhz and a few other frequencies. So in our case we will start up RFCrack on those likely used frequencies and just let it run. We can also look up the FCID of our clicker to see what Frequencies manufactures are using. Although not standardized, similar technologies tend to use similar configurations. Below is from the data sheet located at https://fccid.io/HBW7922/Test-Report/test-report-1755584 which indicates that if this gate is compatible with a universal remote it should be using the 300,310, 315, 372, 390 Frequencies. Most notably the 310, 315 and 390 as the others are only on a couple configurations.

RFCrack Scanning:

Since the most used ranges are 310, 315, 390 within our universal clicker, lets set RFCrack scanner to rotate through those and scan for signals. If a number of cars go through the gate and there are no captures we can adjust the scanner later over our wifi connection from a distance.

Destroy:RFCrack ficti0n$ python RFCrack.py -k -f 310000000 315000000 390000000

Currently Scanning: 310000000 To cancel hit enter and wait a few seconds

Currently Scanning: 315000000 To cancel hit enter and wait a few seconds

Currently Scanning: 390000000 To cancel hit enter and wait a few seconds

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

Currently Scanning: 433000000 To cancel hit enter and wait a few seconds

Example of logging output:

From the above output you will see that a frequency was found on 390. However, if you had left this running for a few hours you could easily see all of the output in the log file located in your RFCrack/scanning_logs directory. For example the following captures were found in the log file in an easily parseable format:

Destroy:RFCrack ficti0n$ cd scanning_logs/

Destroy:scanning_logs ficti0n$ ls

Dec25_14:58:45.log Dec25_21:17:14.log Jan03_20:12:56.log

Destroy:scanning_logs ficti0n$ cat Dec25_21\:17\:14.log

A signal was found on :390000000

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

A signal was found on :390000000

e0000000000104007ffe0000003000001f0fffe0fffc01ff803ff007fe0fffc1fff83fff07ffe0007c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e0007f037fe007fc00ff801ff07ffe0fffe1fffc3fff0001f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003809f641fff801ff003fe00ffc1fff83fff07ffe0fffc000f80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003c0bff01bdf003fe007fc00ff83fff07ffe0fffc1fff8001f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000380000000000000000002007ac115001fff07ffe0fffc000f8000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Analyzing the signal to determine toggle switches:

Ok sweet, now we have a valid signal which will open the gate. Of course we could just replay this and open the gate, but we are going to create a physical device we can pass along to whoever needs entry regardless if they understand RF. No need to fumble around with a computer and look suspicious. Also replaying a signal with RFCrack is just to easy, nothing new to learn taking the easy route.

The first thing we are going to do is graph the capture and take a look at the wave pattern it creates. This can give us a lot of clues that might prove beneficial in figuring out the toggle switch pattern found in remotes. There are a few ways we can do this. If you don't have a yardstick at home you can capture the initial signal with your cheap RTL-SDR dongle as we did in the first RF blog. We could then open it in audacity. This signal is shown below.

Let RFCrack Plot the Signal For you:

The other option is let RFCrack help you out by taking a signal from the log output above and let RFCrack plot it for you. This saves time and allows you to use only one piece of hardware for all of the work. This can easily be done with the following command:

Destroy:RFCrack ficti0n$ python RFCrack.py -n -g -u 1f0fffe0fffc01ff803ff007fe0fffc1fff83fff07ffe0007c

-n = No yardstick attached

-g = graph a single signal

-u = Use this piece of data

From the graph output we see 2 distinct crest lengths and some junk at either end we can throw away. These 2 unique crests correspond to our toggle switch positions of up/down giving us the following 2 possible scenarios using a 9 toggle switch remote based on the 9 crests above:

Possible toggle switch scenarios:

down down up up up down down down down
up up down down down up up up up

Configuring a remote:

Proper toggle switch configuration allows us to program a universal remote that sends a signal to the gate. However even with the proper toggle switch configuration the remote has many different signals it sends based on the manufacturer or type of signal. In order to figure out which configuration the gate is using without physically watching the gate open, we will rely on local signal analysis/comparison.

Programming a remote is done by clicking the device with the proper toggle switch configuration until the gate opens and the correct manufacturer is configured. Since we don't have access to the gate after capturing the initial signal we will instead compare each signal from he remote to the original captured signal.

Comparing Signals:

This can be done a few ways, one way is to use an RTLSDR and capture all of the presses followed by visually comparing the output in audacity. Instead I prefer to use one tool and automate this process with RFCrack so that on each click of the device we can compare a signal with the original capture. Since there are multiple signals sent with each click it will analyze all of them and provide a percent likelihood of match of all the signals in that click followed by a comparing the highest % match graph for visual confirmation. If you are seeing a 80-90% match you should have the correct signal match.

Note: Not every click will show output as some clicks will be on different frequencies, these don't matter since our recon confirmed the gate is communicating on 390Mhz.

In order to analyze the signals in real time you will need to open up your clicker and set the proper toggle switch settings followed by setting up a sniffer and live analysis with RFCrack:

Open up 2 terminals and use the following commands:

#Setup a sniffer on 390mhz
Setup sniffer: python RFCrack.py -k -c -f 390000000.

#Monitor the log file, and provide the gates original signal
Setup Analysis: python RFCrack.py -c -u 1f0fffe0fffc01ff803ff007fe0fffc1fff83fff07ffe0007c -n.

Cmd switches used

-k = known frequency

-c = compare mode

-f = frequency

-n = no yardstick needed for analysis

Make sure your remote is configured for one of the possible toggle configurations determined above. In the below example I am using the first configuration, any extra toggles left in the down position: (down down up up up down down down down)

Analyze Your Clicks:

Now with the two terminals open and running click the reset switch to the bottom left and hold till it flashes. Then keep clicking the left button and viewing the output in the sniffing analysis terminal which will provide the comparisons as graphs are loaded to validate the output. If you click the device and no output is seen, all that means is that the device is communicating on a frequency which we are not listening on. We don't care about those signals since they don't pertain to our target.

At around the 11th click you will see high likelihood of a match and a graph which is near identical. A few click outputs are shown below with the graph from the last output with a 97% match. It will always graph the highest percentage within a click. Sometimes there will be blank graphs when the data is wacky and doesn't work so well. This is fine since we don't care about wacky data.

You will notice the previous clicks did not show even close to a match, so its pretty easy to determine which is the right manufacture and setup for your target gate. Now just click the right hand button on the remote and it should be configured with the gates setup even though you are in another location setting up for your test.

For Visual of the last signal comparison go to ./imageOutput/LiveComparison.png

----------Start Signals In Press--------------

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.05

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.14

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.12

----------End Signals In Press------------

For Visual of the last signal comparison go to ./imageOutput/LiveComparison.png

----------Start Signals In Press--------------

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.14

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.20

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.19

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.25

----------End Signals In Press------------

For Visual of the last signal comparison go to ./imageOutput/LiveComparison.png

----------Start Signals In Press--------------

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.93

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.97

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.90

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.88

Percent Chance of Match for press is: 0.44

----------End Signals In Press------------

For Visual of the last signal comparison go to ./imageOutput/LiveComparison.png

Graph Comparison Output for 97% Match:

Conclusion:

You have now walked through successfully reversing a toggle switch remote for a security gate. You took a raw signal and created a working device using only a Yardstick and RFCrack. This was just a quick tutorial on leveraging the skillsets you gained in previous blogs in order to learn how to analyze RF signals within embedded devices. There are many scenarios these same techniques could assist in. We also covered a few new features in RF crack regarding logging, graphing and comparing signals. These are just a few of the features which have been added since the initial release. For more info and other features check the wiki.

Thursday, December 31, 2020

Saturday, December 26, 2020

Friday, December 18, 2020

Tuesday, December 8, 2020

Tuesday, December 1, 2020

Friday, November 27, 2020

Sunday, November 22, 2020

Wednesday, November 18, 2020

Thursday, October 22, 2020

Monday, October 5, 2020

Wednesday, September 30, 2020

Friday, September 25, 2020

Tuesday, September 22, 2020

Monday, September 21, 2020

PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11

PUBG Mobile PC Emulator Memory Loader Hack Overview.

Features of Memory Loader PUBG Mobile Emulator Hack For Season 11

PUBG Emulator Hack Memory Loader For Season 11 Technical Setup Details

System Requirements for PUBG Mobile Emulator Hack For Season 11

PUBG Hack Download Memory Loader For PC Emulator – Season 11

Wednesday, September 16, 2020

Saturday, September 12, 2020

Tuesday, September 8, 2020

Friday, September 4, 2020

Monday, August 31, 2020

More information

Sunday, August 30, 2020

Reversing Device Signals with RFCrack for Red Teaming

Contrived Scenario:

Items used in this blog:

Walkthrough Video:

Remotely sniffing signals for later analysis:

Recon:

RFCrack Scanning:

Example of logging output:

Analyzing the signal to determine toggle switches:

Let RFCrack Plot the Signal For you:

Possible toggle switch scenarios:

Configuring a remote:

Comparing Signals:

Open up 2 terminals and use the following commands:

Analyze Your Clicks:

Graph Comparison Output for 97% Match:

Conclusion:

Read more